Cap Device
.
The cap device was worn directly at
the front or left front of the Cadet Nurses' beret. |
... |
Cadet Nurses wore the cap device of the U.S.
Public Health Service (PHS). The shield and eagle of the cap device represented
the United States of America. The fouled anchor symbolized U.S. seamen
in distress, for whose care the Marine Hospitals were established by Congress
in 1789. (The Marine Hospital Service was the predecessor of the Public
Health Service.)
A winged caduceus (caduceus = the staff of
Mercury with snakes entwined) was the ancient symbol for physicians. Together
anchor and caduceus promised healing to those in the service of their country. |
.
Official Device
.
The fouled anchor and winged caduceus were the official symbols
of the U.S. Public Health Service. Cadet Nurses wore this corps device
on their lapel insignia and on the silver-coated buttons of their outdoor
uniform.
.
.
Lapel Insignia
.
The lapel insignia were worn with
the winged caduceus vertical and the anchor ring 3/4 of an inch from the
point of the suit’s reefer lapel. Additionally, the lapel insignia were
worn on the collar of the indoor uniform. |
.......... |
Button
|
. |
.
Sleeve Emblem
.
|
... |
The sleeve patch of the Cadet Nurse Corps
displayed the eight-pointed Maltese cross. The Maltese cross was the earliest
symbol of nursing. It dated back to the time of the First Crusade where
it was used by the Knights Hospitalers of St. John.
The sleeve patch with gray background was
worn on the winter outdoor uniform. The sleeve patch with white background
was worn on the summer outdoor uniform and on the indoor duty uniform.
It was sewn three inches below the shoulder seam. |
... |
|
.
Examples of some special patches related
to the
Cadet Nurse Corps
.
Rank Insignia
.
Maltese Cross
.
top: Senior Cadet
lower: Junior Cadet |
...... |
Small silver Maltese crosses were used as
rank insignia.
One Maltese cross pinned to the center of
the red epaulets indicated a Junior Cadet
Nurse.
Two Maltese Crosses pinned toward the ends
of the epaulets 3/4 of an inch from the shoulder seams indicated a Senior
Cadet Nurse.
Three crosses, the third one pinned to the
center of the epaulets, indicated a Graduate
Cadet Nurse.
No Maltese crosses were worn by Cadet Nurses
during their pre-cadet training stage. |
.
Pledge Pin
.
A high school pledge program tried to bind
high school seniors and juniors at the corps.
The interested girls had to fill out a questionaire
and could apply to pledge the corps. In case they were accepted, they were
given a silver pledge pin. |
......... |
CNC Pledge Pin
|
.
Dress Uniform
The introduction of the outdoor dress uniform
of the Cadet Nurse Corps was effectively used as part of the recruitment
campaign. Leading fashion designers had been asked to develop a most attractive
uniform for the new Corps. In a fashion show, held at the Waldorf-Astoria
in August 1943, the various renditions were presented by fashion models.
A jury of New York fashion editors finally chose the coat and suit design
originated by Molly Paris and the beret designed by Sally Victor. The use
of gray as color for the uniforms should symbolize "mercy, serenity
and understanding" while the contrasting color red used for the epaulets
should indicate "strength, courage and inspiration"
The winter and summer dress uniform as well as several accessories
were issued without additional charges to Cadet Nurses. The wear of the
dress uniform was optional with students except on special occasions, which
were designated by the School of Nursing. The optional wear of the uniform
was an important concession. Although most of the women liked the smart-looking
uniform, they appreciated dressing up in fashionable civilian clothes during
their off-duty time occasionally (especially when they had a date).
.
Winter Uniform
.
|
... |
Gray Winter Suit
The Cadet Nurse's winter suit consisted of
a single-breasted gray wool jacket with matching gored skirt.
The jacket had rounded collar lapels, two
side pockets with buttoned flaps and was closed with four silver-coated
buttons bearing the official symbol of the U.S. Public Health Service.
The epaulets were colored in contrasting regimental red. The sleeve insignia
was worn on the left sleeve.
A white crepe shirt with Peter-Pan-collar
was worn underneath.
A gray Montgomery style beret with the cap
device of the U.S. Public Health Service was the prescribed headgear. As
footwear plain black leather shoes, with low or medium closed heels and
closed toes could be worn. The hose had to be beige. Black gloves and a
gray purse with the strap worn over the left shoulder were optional. Some
wartime photographs show the winter suit also worn with white gloves. |
.
Winter Topcoat
.
The winter topcoat (or "reefer coat") with
trim guard's coat lines was made of gray velour. The coat was closed with
four silver-coated buttons marked with the official device of the U.S.
Public Health Service. Wartime pictures show the coat also equipped with
plain gray pastic buttons as shown in the pictures below. The topcoat had
two slit pockets and red epaulets like the winter jacket. The sleeve insignia
of the Cadet Nurse Corps was sewn on the left sleeve. The back was belted.
.
.
Summer Uniform.
.
Summer Suit
.
The summer suit was made of gray and white striped
cotton. The cut was similar to the woolen winter uniform. The summer suit
was worn with the gray Montgomery beret or a gray felt hat with large brim
and red band.
.
|
...... |
As footwear plain black or white shoes, with
low or medium closed heels and closed toes could be used. Beige Hose, the
gray or white Cadet Nurses' handbag and short plain white fabric gloves
completed the outfit.
.
Summer suit worn with the gray Montgomery
beret.
|
.
Raincoat
.
The raincoat was made of gray water-repellent
paratroop-type satin twill. It had an officer-type collar, large pockets
and a wide belt. The front was closed with silver-coated buttons that bore
the official device of the U.S. Public Health Service. |
... |
|
.
.
Work Attire
.
 |
... |
On duty, Cadet Nurses wore the student uniform and cap of the hospital
in which they had begun their nursing career. The Cadet Nurse's lapel pins
and sleeve patches worn on these ward uniforms indicated their status as
Cadet Nurses. |
.
Miscellaneous
.
Caps and Hats
.
The Cadet Nurses' cap was made of gray doeskin.
Sally Victor, who was the designer of the cap, had fashioned it after the
one that was worn by Britain's famous General Montgomery. This was
featured in many American magazines early in the war when Montgomery commanded
British forces in Africa, before he became unpopular in America because
of his reported arrogance toward American troops. Therefore, it was commonly
called the "Montgomery Beret", which became a mixed blessing as Montgomery’s
popularity went up and down in American esteem.
.
Montgomery Beret
(Interior View)
|
... |
Top view
.
Cadet Nurse Corps Tag
|
.
|
.... |
The gray felt hat that could be worn with the summer uniform had
a wide brim and was equipped with a red band. The U.S. Public Health Service
insignia was pinned in the center of the front. |
.
|
|
|
Typical Student Nurse's Hospital Cap
by Kay's Cap Co., New York
|
|
Stamp on Cap
|
.
Handbags
.
.
The Cadet Nurses' gray handbag with shoulder strap was made of wool.
It had rounded lines and compartment on the front of the bag. The handbag
was closed with a zipper that had a self-material pull strap. A coin purse
was attached inside.
.
|
.
A white handbag could be worn with the summer uniform. The interior
was removable to facilitate the cleaning.
.
|
.
.
Dress Regulations
.
The Cadet Nurse Corps had a vigorous campaign
to keep uniform wear strictly in conformity with regulation. The following
is an example of this program:
.
"Your uniform is a symbol of what the U.S.
Cadet Nurse Corps means to you. What it will mean to others will depend
in large measure on how you wear it. In military language, you are in uniform
if everything you wear is according to the "regs". If one article of dress
is wrong you are out of uniform. It isn't just a matter of wearing summer
suit or winter; reefer coat or raincoat. It is the slant of your beret,
the snowy whiteness of your blouse. It is the way you walk, the way you
stand. It is the dignity with which you wear the uniform of your proud
profession. Your uniform is YOU. The regulations in this booklet are part
of your uniform." (...)
.
"You're
right ...
.
...- |
if you hair clears your collar all the way
round. (Hairnets are wonderful inventions - and fashionable.) |
...- |
if you crease only the extreme right side
of your beret, keeping the front upright behind your insignia. |
...- |
if you wear your beret insignia directly at
the front or left front of your beret. |
...- |
if your make-up is subtle |
...- |
if your suit and reefer are freshly pressed,
well fitting and spotless. |
...- |
if you always wear the regulation white crepe
blouse. |
...- |
if your handbag strap swings straight from
your left shoulder. |
...- |
if your skirt hems hit you below the backs
of your knees. |
...- |
if you wear your lapel insignia with the winged
caduceus vertical and the anchor ring 3/4 of an inch from the point of
your suit and reefer lapel. |
...- |
if you wear one Maltese Cross centered on
each epaulet while you are a Junior Cadet; two Maltese Crosses 3/4 of an
inch front an back of your shoulder seams when you are a Senior Cadet. |
...- |
if you sew your sleeve emblem exactly three
inches below your shoulder seam. |
...- |
if you wear your silver lapel pins and sleeve
emblem of your outdoor uniform on your indoor uniform BUT only in the places
designated by your school of nursing. |
...- |
if you stock up on plain short black leather
or fabric gloves for winter - short plain white fabric gloves for summer. |
...- |
if you stick to plain black leather shoes,
with low or medium closed heels and closed toes for your winter uniform.
For summer, you may wear black or white shoes but in gatherings of any
sort, all Cadet's shoes should be the same color. |
...- |
if you select beige stockings unembellished
by clocks, ribbing, or other decoration. |
.
You're wrong ...
.
...- |
if you allow your hair to touch the back of
your collar. |
...- |
if you sprinkle your insignia on your uniform
without taking the time to line them up |
...- |
if your make-up gives you a technicolor look. |
...- |
if you substitute dickies or non-reg blouses
for the uniform white crepe blouse. |
...- |
if you wear ear-rings, bracelets, necklaces,
other service insignia, conspicuous rings other than wedding, engagement
or class rings. |
...- |
if you affect long, brilliantly polished finger-nails. |
...- |
if you wear ankle socks, lace or mesh stockings. |
...- |
if your shoes have spike heels, open heels
or open toes. |
...- |
if you appear in public without your beret
- ON YOUR HEAD. |
...- |
if you remove your jacket in public. |
...- |
if you drape your reefer, raincoat or suit
jacket over your shoulders. |
...- |
if you wear your jacket, reefer or raincoat
unbuttoned - your raincoat belt unbuckled. |
...- |
if you chew gum on the street. |
...- |
if you receive or give a military salute. |
...- |
if you combine any article of civilian dress
with your uniform. |
.
Tips ...
.
Tiny snaps sewed on the underside of the front
of your Peter Pan collar will keep it lying flat beneath your jacket lapels.
Snaps also should be sewn on the underside of the red epaulets of your
summer uniform so that they will not slip off your shoulders.
.
If the lacquer chips off your metal buttons,
dip them in acetone (nail polish remover), then in a warm solution of soap
and ammonia which removes the tarnish. Dry them thoroughly and cover them
with a thin film of colorless nail polish to prevent them from tarnishing.
.
Summer uniforms require careful laundering. Be
sure to remove shoulder pads, epaulets and metal buttons before having
them washed. Never let your summer uniform be starched.
.
Ask your Director to tell you when she would
like you to change from winter into summer uniform and vice versa.
.
To reorder at your own expense extra parts
of your winter and summer uniform, write the J.C. Penney Company, Dept.
W., 330 West 34th Street, New York, N.Y.
.
Nursing is hard on shoe leather. If you need
another pair of shoes, present your case to your rationing board.
.
A pair of light suspenders attached to the waistband
will keep your skirt from twisting and sagging. Be sure to keep your suspenders
out of sight.
.
You may carry an umbrella when it rains.
.
You, in your uniform, are the Corps' best recruiter.
Stand straight and proudly with your shoulder back and your arms swinging
freely from the shoulders. Remember that handholding, arm-around-the-waist
strolling do not go with a uniform.
.
White gloves and shoes require operating room
cleanliness. Always keep them white as white."
(Dress regulations quoted from: "Wear It Proudly
Wear It Right U.S. Cadet Nurse Corps" by the U.S. Public Health Service
- Federal Security Agency)
.
.
(A special treatise about the
use of cosmetics by service women during WWII
can be found here: Reenactor's
Guide)
.
[
I. Development ] [
II. Facts about the CNC ] [ III.
Uniforms ] [ IV. Sources ]
|